Ubuntu by default doesn't have a "firewall" so to speak, so if you didn't add one you should be ok on that note. Ok, you said you checked the hosts.deny file in /etc. As a step to see if it helps I would suggest adding the other computers IP to hosts.allow. Just do it like below:
also, you should check iptables, which is something that can be setup and used like a firewall. Execute the following command in the Terminal:
if you see your other computer's IP there it means it is probably being blocked.